# program 1

# 1. a.
m1 = int(input("Enter the marks in the first test: "))

m2 = int(input("Enter the marks in second test: "))
    
m3 = int(input("Enter the marks in third test: "))
    
if m1 > m2:
    if m2 > m3:
      total = m1 + m2
    else:
     total = m1 + m3
else:
  if m1 > m3:
    total = m1 + m2
  else:
    total = m2 + m3

Avg = total / 2

print("The average of the best two test marks is: ", Avg)

# 1.b.
num = int(input("Enter a number:"))
temp = num
rev = 0

while num != 0:
  dig = num % 10
  rev = rev * 10 + dig
  num = num // 10

if temp == rev:
  print("The number is palindrome!")
else:
  print("Not a palindrome!")

print("The Occurance of each digit in:", temp)

message = str(temp)
count = {}

for character in message:
  count.setdefault(character, 0)
  count[character] += 1

print(count)

    
    

        # program 2

# 2.a.
def Fib(n):
  if n <= 0:
    print("Incorrect input")
  elif n == 1:
    return 0
  elif n == 2:
    return 1
  else:
    return Fib(n - 1) + Fib(n - 2)

# Driver Program
n = int(input("Enter the value of n:"))
print("Fibonacci Series:")
for i in range(1, n + 1):
  print(Fib(i))

# 2.b.
def bintodec(num):
  value = 0
  for i in range(len(num)):
    digit = num.pop()
    if digit == '1':
      value = value + pow(2, i)
  return value

def octal_to_hexadecimal(octc):
  dec = 0
  pow = 0
  while octc > 0:
    ld = octc % 10
    dec += ld * (8 ** pow)
    octc //= 10
    pow += 1

  hexadec = ''
  hexa_map = "0123456789ABCDEF"
  while dec != 0:
    hexadec = hexa_map[dec % 16] + hexadec
    dec //= 16
  return hexadec

b_num = list(input("Input a binary number: "))
dec = bintodec(b_num)
print("The decimal value of the number is", dec)

octa = int(input("Input a Octal number: "))
hexa = octal_to_hexadecimal(octa)
print("The hexa decimal value of the number is", hexa)

    
    

        # program 3

# 3.a.
def count_characters(statement):
  words = statement.split()
  num_words = len(words)
  num_digits = 0
  num_uppercase = 0
  num_lowercase = 0

  for char in statement:
    if char.isdigit():
      num_digits += 1
    elif char.isupper():
      num_uppercase += 1
    elif char.islower():
      num_lowercase += 1

  return num_words, num_digits, num_uppercase, num_lowercase


# Test the function
input_sentences = input("Enter a sentences: ")
word_count, digit_count, uppercase_count, lowercase_count = count_characters(input_sentences)

print("Number of words:", word_count)
print("Number of digits:", digit_count)
print("Number of uppercase letters:", uppercase_count)
print("Number of lowercase letters:", lowercase_count)

# 3.b.
def CompareString(str1, str2):
  if len(str1) >= len(str2):
    long = len(str1)
    short = len(str2)
  else:
    long = len(str2)
    short = len(str1)

  matchCnt = 0
  for i in range(short):
    if str1[i] == str2[i]:
      matchCnt += 1

  return matchCnt / long


string1 = input("Enter a String: ")
string2 = input("Enter another String: ")

similarity = CompareString(string1, string2)

print("Similarity between two given string :", similarity)

        
        

        # program 4

# 4.a.
def insertionSort(arr):
  n = len(arr)
  if n <= 1:
    return

  for i in range(1, n):
    key = arr[i]
    j = i - 1

    while j >= 0 and key < arr[j]:
      arr[j + 1] = arr[j]
      j -= 1

    arr[j + 1] = key

def mergeSort(array):
  if len(array) > 1:
    r = len(array) // 2
    L = array[:r]
    M = array[r:]

    mergeSort(L)
    mergeSort(M)

    i = j = k = 0

    while i < len(L) and j < len(M):
      if L[i] < M[j]:
        array[k] = L[i]
        i += 1
      else:
        array[k] = M[j]
        j += 1
      k += 1

    while i < len(L):
      array[k] = L[i]
      i += 1
      k += 1

    while j < len(M):
      array[k] = M[j]
      j += 1
      k += 1


arr = []

n = int(input("Enter the size of list"))
for i in range(n):
  arr.append(int(input("Enter list elements: ")))

arr1 = arr.copy()

insertionSort(arr)
print("Sorted List using Insertion Sort: ", arr)

mergeSort(arr1)
print("Sorted list using Merge Sort: ", arr1)

# 4.b.
s = input("Enter the Roman Number : ")
roman_no = {"I": 1, "V": 5, "X": 10, "L": 50, "C": 100, "D": 500, "M": 1000}
integer_no = 0

for i in range(len(s)):
  if i > 0 and roman_no[s[i]] > roman_no[s[i - 1]]:
    integer_no += roman_no[s[i]] - 2 * roman_no[s[i - 1]]
  else:
    integer_no += roman_no[s[i]]

print("The integer number is:", integer_no)

          
          

        # program 5

# 5.a.
import re

# function without using regular expression
def isPhoneNumber(text):
  if len(text) != 12:
    return False

  for i in range(0, 3):
    if not text[i].isdigit():
      return False

  if text[3] != '-':
    return False

  for i in range(4, 7):
    if not text[i].isdigit():
      return False

  if text[7] != '-':
    return False

  for i in range(8, 12):
    if not text[i].isdigit():
      return False

  return True

# Function with regular expression
def isPhoneRegex(text):
  phoneNumRegex = re.compile(r'\d\d\d-\d\d\d-\d\d\d\d')
  if phoneNumRegex.match(text):
    return True
  else:
    return False

ph_num = input("Enter a phone number : ")

print("Without using Regular Expression")
if isPhoneNumber(ph_num):
  print("Valid phone number")
else:
  print("Invalid phone number")
print("Using Regular Expression")
if isPhoneRegex(ph_num):
  print("Valid phone number")
else:
  print("Invalid phone number")

# 5.b.
import re

# Define the regular expression for phone numbers
phone_regex = re.compile(r'\+\d{12}')
email_regex = re.compile(r'[A-Za-z0-9._]+@[A-Za-z0-9]+\.[A-Z|a-z]{2,}')

# Open the file for reading
with open('example.txt', 'r') as f:

  # Loop through each line in the file
  for line in f:

    # Search for phone numbers in the line
    matches = phone_regex.findall(line)

    # Print any matches found
    for match in matches:
      print(match)

    # Search for email addresses in the line
    matches = email_regex.findall(line)

    # Print any matches found
    for match in matches:
      print(match)

          
          

        # program 6

# 6.a 
import os.path
import sys

fname = input("Enter the filename : ")

if not os.path.isfile(fname):
  print("File", fname, "doesn't exists")
  sys.exit(0)

infile = open(fname, "r")
lineList = infile.readlines()

n = int(input("How many line of the file to display:"))

for i in range(n):
  print(i + 1, ":", lineList[i])

word = input("Enter a word : ")
cnt = 0

for line in lineList:
  cnt += line.count(word)

print("The word", word, "appears", cnt, "times in the file")

# 6.b.
import os
import zipfile

def create_zip(folder_path, zip_filename):

  # Ensure the folder_path is a valid directory
  if not os.path.isdir(folder_path):
    raise ValueError(f"The specified path '{folder_path}' is not a valid directory.")

  # Ensure the zip_filename ends with '.zip'
  if not zip_filename.endswith('.zip'):
    zip_filename += '.zip'

  # Create a ZipFile object to write the ZIP file
  with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED) as zipf:
    # Walk through all files and subdirectories in the folder
    for folder_name, subfolders, filenames in os.walk(folder_path):
      for filename in filenames:
        file_path = os.path.join(folder_name, filename)
        # Write each file to the ZIP archive
        zipf.write(file_path, os.path.relpath(file_path, folder_path))


folder_to_zip = input("Enter Folder Name or Path, Ex:/path/to/your/folder ")
zip_filename = folder_to_zip + '.zip'

try:
  create_zip(folder_to_zip, zip_filename)
  print(f"ZIP file '{zip_filename}' created successfully.")
except Exception as e:
  print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

        
        

        # program 7

# 7.a.
import math

# Base Class Shape
class Shape:
  def calculate_area(self):
    pass

# Derived class Triangle
class Triangle(Shape):
  def __init__(self, base, height):
    self.base = base
    self.height = height

  def calculate_area(self):
    return 0.5 * self.base * self.height

# Derived class Circle
class Circle(Shape):
  def __init__(self, radius):
    self.radius = radius

  def calculate_area(self):
    return math.pi * self.radius * self.radius

# Derived class Rectangle
class Rectangle(Shape):
  def __init__(self, length, width):
    self.length = length
    self.width = width

  def calculate_area(self):
    return self.length * self.width

# Creating Object for Derived Class using Constructor
triangle = Triangle(base=5, height=10)
circle = Circle(radius=4)
rectangle = Rectangle(length=7, width=3)

print("Area of the Triangle:", triangle.calculate_area())
print("Area of the Circle:", circle.calculate_area())
print("Area of the Rectangle:", rectangle.calculate_area())

# 7.b 
class Employee:
  def __init__(self, name, emp_id, department, salary):
    self.name = name
    self.emp_id = emp_id
    self.department = department
    self.salary = salary

  def update_salary_by_department(self, department, new_salary):
    if self.department == department:
      self.salary = new_salary

# Create some employee instances
employee1 = Employee("John Doe", "E101", "HR", 50000)
employee2 = Employee("Jane Smith", "E102", "IT", 60000)
employee3 = Employee("Mike Johnson", "E103", "HR", 55000)

# Print the initial salary details
print("Initial Salary Details:")
print(employee1.name, employee1.emp_id, employee1.department, employee1.salary)
print(employee2.name, employee2.emp_id, employee2.department, employee2.salary)
print(employee3.name, employee3.emp_id, employee3.department, employee3.salary)

# Update salaries for employees belonging to the HR department
department_to_update = "HR"
new_salary_for_hr = 60000
employee1.update_salary_by_department(department_to_update, new_salary_for_hr)
employee3.update_salary_by_department(department_to_update, new_salary_for_hr)

# Print the updated salary details
print("\nUpdated Salary Details:")
print(employee1.name, employee1.emp_id, employee1.department, employee1.salary)
print(employee2.name, employee2.emp_id, employee2.department, employee2.salary)
print(employee3.name, employee3.emp_id, employee3.department, employee3.salary)

        
        

        # program 8

# 8.a 
class Palindrome:
  def is_palindrome(self, input_value):
    pass


class StringPalindrome(Palindrome):
  def is_palindrome(self, input_value):
    input_value = input_value.lower().replace(" ", "")
    return input_value == input_value[::-1]


class IntegerPalindrome(Palindrome):
  def is_palindrome(self, input_value):
    return str(input_value) == str(input_value)[::-1]


input_string = input("Enter a string: ")
string_palindrome = StringPalindrome()
if string_palindrome.is_palindrome(input_string):
  print("The given string is a palindrome.")
else:
  print("The given string is not a palindrome.")

input_number = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
integer_palindrome = IntegerPalindrome()
if integer_palindrome.is_palindrome(input_number):
  print("The given integer is a palindrome.")
else:
  print("The given integer is not a palindrome.")

        
        

        # program 9

# 9.a
import requests, os, bs4

url = 'https://xkcd.com/'
os.makedirs('xkcd', exist_ok=True)

while not url.endswith('#'):
    print('Downloading page {}...'.format(url))
    res = requests.get(url)
    res.raise_for_status()
    soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text)

    comicElem = soup.select('#comic img')
    if comicElem == []:
        print('Could not find comic image')
    else:
        comicUrl = 'http:' + comicElem[0].get('src')
        print('Downloading image {} ...'.format(comicUrl))
        res = requests.get(comicUrl)
        res.raise_for_status()
        imageFile = open(os.path.join('xkcd', os.path.basename(comicUrl)), 'wb')
        for chunk in res.iter_content(100000):
            imageFile.write(chunk)
        imageFile.close()

    prevLink = soup.select('a[rel="prev"]')[0]
    url = 'https://xkcd.com' + prevLink.get('href')
print('Done')

# 9.b
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font

wb = Workbook()
sheet = wb.active
sheet.title = "Language"
wb.create_sheet(title="Capital")

lang = ["Kannada", "Telugu", "Tamil"]
state = ["Karnataka", "Telangana", "Tamil Nadu"]
capital = ["Bengaluru", "Hyderabad", "Chennai"]
code = ["KA", "TS", "TN"]

sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "State"
sheet.cell(row=1, column=2).value = "Language"
sheet.cell(row=1, column=3).value = "Code"

ft = Font(bold=True)
for row in sheet["A1:C1"]:
    for cell in row:
        cell.font = ft

for i in range(2, 5):
    sheet.cell(row=i, column=1).value = state[i - 2]
    sheet.cell(row=i, column=2).value = lang[i - 2]
    sheet.cell(row=i, column=3).value = code[i - 2]

wb.save("demo.xlsx")

sheet = wb["Capital"]
sheet.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "State"
sheet.cell(row=1, column=2).value = "Capital"
sheet.cell(row=1, column=3).value = "Code"

ft = Font(bold=True)
for row in sheet["A1:C1"]:
    for cell in row:
        cell.font = ft

for i in range(2, 5):
    sheet.cell(row=i, column=1).value = state[i - 2]
    sheet.cell(row=i, column=2).value = capital[i - 2]
    sheet.cell(row=i, column=3).value = code[i - 2]

wb.save("demo.xlsx")

srchCode = input("Enter state code for finding capital ")
for i in range(2, 5):
    data = sheet.cell(row=i, column=3).value
    if data == srchCode:
        print("Corresponding capital for code", srchCode, "is", sheet.cell(row=i, column=2).value)

sheet = wb["Language"]
srchCode = input("Enter state code for finding language ")
for i in range(2, 5):
    data = sheet.cell(row=i, column=3).value
    if data == srchCode:
        print("Corresponding language for code", srchCode, "is", sheet.cell(row=i, column=2).value)

wb.close()

      
    

        # program 10

# 10.a
from PyPDF2 import PdfWriter, PdfReader
num = int(input("Enter page number you want combine from multiple documents "))
pdf1 = open('Lab1.pdf', 'rb')
pdf2 = open('Python Lab 2.pdf', 'rb')
pdf_writer = PdfWriter()
pdf1_reader = PdfReader(pdf1)
page = pdf1_reader.pages[num-1]
pdf_writer.add_page(page)
pdf2_reader = PdfReader(pdf2)
page = pdf2_reader.pages[num-1]
pdf_writer.add_page(page)
with open('output.pdf', 'wb') as output:
    pdf_writer.write(output)


# 10.b
import json

# Load the JSON data from file
with open('weather_data.json') as f:
    data = json.load(f)

# Extract the required weather data
current_temp = data['main']['temp']
humidity = data['main']['humidity']
weather_desc = data['weather'][0]['description']

# Display the weather data
print(f"Current temperature: {current_temp}°C")
print(f"Humidity: {humidity}%")
print(f"Weather description: {weather_desc}")

#json file:
{
  "coord": {
  "lon": -73.99,
  "lat": 40.73
  },
  "weather": [
  {
  "id": 800,
  "main": "Clear",
  "description": "clear sky",
  "icon": "01d"
  }
  ],
  "base": "stations",
  "main": {
  "temp": 15.45,
  "feels_like": 12.74,
  "temp_min": 14.44,
  "temp_max": 16.11,
  "pressure": 1017,
  "humidity": 64
  },
  "visibility": 10000,
  "wind": {
  "speed": 4.63,
  "deg": 180
  },
  "clouds": {
  "all": 1
  },
  "dt": 1617979985,
  "sys": {
  "type": 1,
  "id": 5141,
  "country": "US",
  "sunrise": 1617951158,
  "sunset": 1618000213
  },
  "timezone": -14400,
  "id": 5128581,
  "name": "New York",
  "cod": 200
  }

        
      

        # part B Programs

# 1
def merge(arr, l, m, r):
   

    # Create two temporary arrays to store the two subarrays.
    n1 = m - l + 1
    n2 = r - m
    L = [0] * (n1)
    R = [0] * (n2)

    # Copy the two subarrays into the temporary arrays.
    for i in range(0, n1):
        L[i] = arr[l + i]
    for j in range(0, n2):
        R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j]

    # Merge the two sorted subarrays back into arr.
    i = 0
    j = 0
    k = l
    while i < n1 and j < n2:
        if L[i] <= R[j]:
            arr[k] = L[i]
            i += 1
        else:
            arr[k] = R[j]
            j += 1
        k += 1

    # Copy the remaining elements of L[] into arr[].
    while i < n1:
        arr[k] = L[i]
        i += 1
        k += 1

    # Copy the remaining elements of R[] into arr[].
    while j < n2:
        arr[k] = R[j]
        j += 1
        k += 1


def mergeSort(arr, l, r):
   
    if l < r:
        # Divide the array into two halves.
        m = l+(r-l)//2

        # Sort the two halves.
        mergeSort(arr, l, m)
        mergeSort(arr, m+1, r)

        # Merge the two sorted halves.
        merge(arr, l, m, r)


# Main function
arr = [12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 7]
n = len(arr)

print("Given array is")
for i in range(n):
    print("%d" % arr[i],end=" ")

mergeSort(arr, 0, n-1)

print("\n\nSorted array is")
for i in range(n):
     print("%d" % arr[i],end=" ")


# 2
def partition(arr, low, high):
    i = (low - 1)
    pivot = arr[high]  # pivot element

    for j in range(low, high):
        # If current element is smaller
        if arr[j] <= pivot:
            # increment
            i = i + 1
            arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]

    arr[i + 1], arr[high] = arr[high], arr[i + 1]
    return (i + 1)

# sort
def quickSort(arr, low, high):
    if low < high:
        # index
        pi = partition(arr, low, high)
        # sort the partitions
        quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1)
        quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high)

# main
arr = [2, 5, 3, 8, 6, 5, 4, 7]
n = len(arr)
quickSort(arr, 0, n - 1)
print("Sorted array is:")
for i in range(n):
    print(arr[i], end=" ")


  
# 3
def selectionSort(array, size):
    for step in range(size):
        min_idx = step
        for i in range(step + 1, size):
            if array[i] < array[min_idx]:
                min_idx = i

        (array[step], array[min_idx]) = (array[min_idx], array[step])

data = [-2, 45, 0, 11, -9]
size = len(data)
selectionSort(data, size)
print('Sorted Array in Ascending Order:')
print(data)